Gender in Shakespeares Othello, Romeo and Juliet, and...

Becca Griffing 02/08/2012 Shakespeare in Love Analyze the representation of gender in two or more plays and/or films When reading literature from the Renaissance period, it is clear to see male and female characters were thought upon as two completely different types of people. By following what the bible told them about the opposite sexes, writers in this time were able to set specific gender norms for both men and women. However, when reading the works of William Shakespeare, one can sense a riff in the norms of either sex. With characters such as Romeo in Romeo and Juliet, we can see a character that possess qualities that do not necessarily belong to their gender. However, with a character like Desdemona in Othello, we can see†¦show more content†¦Nobody--I myself. Farewell-- Commend me to my kind lord--O’ farewell! (V,ii, 122-125) Even though it is obvious that Othello was her true killer, Desdemona blames her death only on herself. Being the obedient wife that she was, Desdemona would never dare pin her death onto her husband. However, to have her die by her husbands’ hand was Shakespeares way of solidifying her dedication to him. Like any good woman in Renaissance literature, Desdemona was loyal to her husband in life, and with death, still remains loyal to his will. It is unfortunate to see a character who is as bright as Desdemona fall a victim to the classic standard of woman during this period of literature. However, not all of Shakespeare’s women give into the standards that society has laid out for them; at least not without a fight. In Twelfth Night, we see a woman who is pretending to be a man. The concept of dressing in drag is not unusual in Shakespearian comedies. By doing so, the main female character is allowed to perform heroic acts that were usually reserved for men. While she d oes eventually switch back into women’s wear and becomes a loyal wife, she is first allowed to prove herself to be brave and cunning, and is able to do so without having to face the stereotypical consequences. In this play, Viola’s cross dressing experience is important to both the central complication and resolution to the plot. In Act 1, scene 5, Viola, who isShow MoreRelatedThe Elizabethan Er A Standard Of Power, Authority, And Head Of The Family Essay2018 Words   |  9 Pagesbe her husband but if she was single then her father or brother. Gender conventions in Elizabethan Era is key to understand my argument about how women in Shakespeare’s plays break their gender conventions. I will be using parts from Romeo and Juliet, Othello, King Lear, and Twelfth Night, to show how women in this time period broke gender conventions. In Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet, we see that it defies most traditional gender roles in the play by allowing his characters to surpass the stereotypicalRead MoreShakespeare s Twelfth Night ( C. 1600-01 )2907 Words   |  12 PagesINTRODUCTION Twelfth Night (c. 1600-01) is a complicated play which deals with the nature of love, gender role and the intricate comic and tragic experiences of love. The characters have multiple layers of gender roles and sexual attractions which makes the issue of gender identity more complex. For example, Viola, the heroine of the play is dressed as a male, Cesario, throughout most of the play. As a male, Viola woos Olivia for Orsino, resulting in Olivia falling in love with Viola-as-Cesario.Read MoreThe Elizabethan Er An Important Form Of Entertainment And Occupation For The Elizabethans2132 Words   |  9 Pagesplays are rich and are suggested works for pursuing women’s studies and gender ideologies. His plays depicted the social status and responsibilities of women in the society. He seemed to support the English renaissance stereotypes of men and women .He also raised questions about the conventional image of men and women, the characteristics that their gender demands, the definit ion of feminine and masculine, about how both the gender possess both masculine and feminine behaviour, the patriarchy and the

College Athletes Receive Scholarships College Athlete

Imagine you are a college athlete. You have worked hard throughout your life to get to where you are today, a Division I college athlete. However, the grind doesn’t stop there. You still have to put in about 40 hours each week on your sport, attend mandatory team workouts and meetings, and travel and compete for your school. Not to mention you still have difficult college classes, sleep, and your social life to worry about. You are well aware of the sacrifices you have to make, but your school? Now that’s another story. They require you to hold a certain GPA and play well enough to keep your hard-earned scholarship, and when you do well on the field, no matter how many awards you win, the school gets the ultimate prize: Money. Yes, college athletes receive scholarships, which do cover a good amount of the cost of college. However, do they cover textbooks and meal plans and other numerous expenses? Former NCAA basketball Final Four MVP Shabazz Napier said â€Å" there a re hungry nights that I go to bed and I’m starving†. If this doesn’t tell the NCAA that something is wrong, what will? I strongly believe that NCAA Division I athletes should be paid a certain amount of money because they make money for the NCAA. Therefore, they should be treated like any other paid employee and receive fair compensation. Not paying the athletes is likely an antitrust violation and also morally wrong. Before I explain why athletes should be paid, I want to clarify why athletes are truly unpaid inShow MoreRelatedShould College Athletes Be Paid?1644 Words   |  7 PagesShould College Athletes Be Paid? Over the past few decades college sports has grown in popularity across the United States. But it hasn’t been until recent years that many Americans have started to argue about the big revenues generated by many of the elite sports programs. However the big question that stands out is: should the athletes generating millions of dollars worth of profit a year for their University receive any of the money for their performance? Even though student athletes don’t receiveRead MoreCollege Athletes Deserve to Be Paid Essay1002 Words   |  5 Pagesand games. The typical athletes’ road to success is starting from a young age, playing in high school, and then receiving a scholarship for College and all athletes overall objective is to constantly get better and play professionally. Universities have really manipulated athletes in the world today giving them â€Å"free education† for the exchange of their blood, sweet, and tears, while they receive revenue that ath letes bring in yearly. It is very evident that College athletes deserve to be paid, andRead MoreCollege Athletes Should Not Be Paid1425 Words   |  6 Pagesbefore in the history of college sports. Several scholarship players voted on whether the team should unionize. These same players believe that they should be compensated for their play on the athletic field. Countless collegiate sports fans also believe that college athletes from around the country should be compensated for playing sports; however, paying college athletes would cause multiple problems in college athletics. Most people do not understand how much student athletes are given to them freeRead MoreShould College Athletes Be Paid?1713 Words   |  7 PagesCollege sports are one of the largest and fastest growing markets in today’s culture. With some college sports games attracting more viewers than their professional counterparts, the NCAA is one of the most profiting organizations in America. Recently there has been controversy in the world of college sports as to whether the college athletes that are making their universities and the NCAA money should receive payment while they are playing their respective sport. Many believe that these athletesRead MoreCollege Athletes Should Not Be Paid1321 Words   |  6 Pageshas never been done before in the history of college sports. Many scholarship players voted on whether the team should unionize. These same players believe that they should be compensated for their play on the athletic field. Many collegiate sports fans also believe that collegiate athletes from around the country should be compensated for playing sports; however, paying college athletes would cause multiple problems in college athletics. College athletes should not be paid because schools do not haveRead MoreStudent Athletes Should Not Be Paid927 Words   |  4 Pagesaverage cost of college for a student to go attend an in-state four year public university (â€Å"College Costs†). This amount does not include housing, food, books, or supplies; this can end up totaling near $10,000, but imagine if both of these figures were paid for you. This would mean you would pay nothing to attend a four year college, and this is the reality for many individuals today; these people are commonly known as student-athletes. Many student-athletes receive full scholarships to schools coveringRead MoreShould College Athletes Be Paid?1358 Words   |  6 PagesThroughout the years college sports have been about the love of the game, filled with adrenaline moments. However, the following question still remains: Should college athletes get paid to play sports in college? Seemingly, this debate has been endless, yet the questions have gone unanswered. The National Collegiate Athletics Association (NCAA) plays a vital role in this debate. The NCAA is a billion dollar industry, but yet sees that the athlete should get paid for their hard work and dedicationRead MoreIn Recent Years, There Has Been Increased Dialogue Concerning1275 Words   |  6 PagesIn recent years, there has been increased dialogue concerning the topic of compensating college athletes above athletic scholarships. Scholars, the media, and fans have debated this issues of whether intercollegiate athletes should receive remuneration for participation in sports beyond their education-related compensation of tuition, room, and board. Compensation for student athletes, particularly Division I football and basketball poses a greater concern about the moral and ethical conduct of thoseRead MoreShould College Athletes Be Paid?1079 Words   |  5 PagesCollege sports has become extremely popular over the past few years. With the March Madness tournament held in March and the new College Football Playoff held in January, the NCAA has achieved a great deal of attention and high television ratings. Although colleges make tons of money off of their athletes, college athletes receive plenty of compensation. Paying student athletes would cross the line between professionalism and amateurism and would violate the essence of being a student athlete. StudentRead MoreAthletes Should Not Be Paid1494 Words   |  6 PagesAthletes suit up and perform on a daily and weekly basis. Week in and week out, athletes draw in thousands and thousands of fans to speculate the flashy performance. They give the best effort, putting themselves at risk, doing anything possible to insure a victory. Players spend hours of hard work and dedication to perform the best they can. Through the dedication and performance of these athletes, speculations have aroused that athletes should begin to receive pay. Some people believe that collegiate

Workplace Bullying in the OR-Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Examine the Repetitive Psychological Oppression Which Occurs Due to the Workplace Bullying. Answer: Rational and Background In the last decade, several researches have been conducted which shows that bullying is a widespread problem. There are a number of institutions which are focusing on raising awareness and protecting people from the threat. The implication of bullying is negative and can harm victims health and work performance. So, it is essential to identify such threats within the workplace (Kowalski, Giumetti, Schroeder and Lattanner, 2014). In general, bullying comprises of the behavior targeted at a particular person to humiliate and stigmatize socially. It is also aimed at sabotaging the victims reputation by attacking his character and professional competence. There are many types of research conducted which shows that workplace bullying has become a common problem and there are many individuals who face humiliation because of it. The results of bullying are negative and also reduce confidence among professionals. It can increase the level of anxiety and other psychological problems for people. The performance of medical institutions is also affected by workplace bullying. Due to the bullying, there occurs shortage of medical staffs which increases the work burden on the health care provider (Atik, 2011). At the medical center, there are a number of attacks related to harassment and bullying. These attacks are harmful and are also based on the act of violence which cannot be ignored. In many countries like Sweden and Norway, no adequate legislations are developed regarding to bullying. In Britain, bullying is termed as zero tolerance. It refers the right of a person to lead his life in a dignified manner and there should be zero tolerance towards any act of torture or harassment. In some countries, there are many types of laws made to address the social issue of bullying; however, they are incompetent to address the situation. In the literature, no study has been conducted to examine the impact of bullying on doctors and nurses. The present research is conducted to gather information related to the act of bullying in medical institutions. The exploration describes the incidence of workplace bullying and ways in which different situations leads to such problems (Polanin, Espelage and Pigott, 2012). Aims and objectives The aim of the research is to examine the repetitive psychological oppression which occurs due to the workplace bullying (McGaghie, Issenberg, Petrusa and Scalese, 2010). The victim faces a lot of the work performance related harassments which results in high stress and depression of the victim. The cross-sectional and descriptive study examines workplace bullying behavior experienced by physicians and nurses. The aim of the research is to describe the incidence of workplace bullying in medical centers. The authors have divided the aim in several objectives for the clear investigation and analysis of the issue. The research paper has determined the role of the demographics in workplace bullying. It also defined the relationship between the workplace bullying and the emotional exhaustion of the physicians. The article also highlights the link between the workplace bullying and the safety of the patients. Discussion of Research Method The research method refers to techniques which are used by the researcher to collect valuable evidence to conduct research. These methods increase validity and reliability of data. In order to conduct research on the bullying, different types of research methods used. In the research, the first method related to the data collection is the cross-sectional method (Duncan and Keller, 2011). In the medical research, cross-sectional method is the type of the observational study that collects data through different means from a specific population. In the medical study, this method is appropriate because it provides in-detail information about the population. Such type of method is used by researcher to assess the prevalence of chronic conditions or to identify actual problems of diseases. In the present report, the cross-sectional method has been used by research to collect the data. In the present research, primary data is used for collecting information regarding bullying (Richardson, F rueh and Acierno, 2010). The research develops a survey to ask question at two different medical centers. The data is collected by conducting a survey which was conducted in the medical center. In the survey, twenty-two questions were asked related to workplace bullying. With the help of this research method, scholars can identify root causes of bullying at workplace and ways to prevent it. The researchers have taken a population sample which can represents the entire population. For the data sampling, convenience sample method had been selected. This is non-probability sampling method. In scientific research, this approach is used to collect the data from the participants who are conveniently available to take part in the research process (Holden, 2011). This is associated with primary data collection approach. With the help of such type of method, validity and reliability of research can be determined. This method is used by researchers so they can analyze data in an accurate manner and also it is one of the most inexpensive methods. It refers to conducting analysis of collected data and establishing its correlation with previous research. For conducting data analysis, SPSS statistical software had been used. In the present research, this method is used to analyze data is a more accurate manner (Tokunaga, 2010). For analysis of data, many other statistical tools and m ethod are present through which accuracy can be maintained. In the analysis part, regression method is also applied. Critical Discussion on Bullying In the present research, the definition of bullying is stated as a situation wherein a person or a group of people are threatened by other person or a group of persons. Such act can bring different types of consequences and individually find it difficult to defend himself from such situations (Hutchinson, Wilkes, Jackson and Vickers, 2010). The bullying is negative action which can be harmful to anyone in the workplace. The consequences of bullying are that it decrease work performance and efficiency of the employees. In the medical center, such cases are generally faced by the nurses and new physicians in hospitals. As per the given definition, bullying is the situations in which one person constantly faces negative action from other persons. It also encompasses the incidents where one person has also faced humiliation from other people. Such type of humiliation is so drastic that it can also break someone confidence. However, in some institutions bullying is not considered as negative action (Bartlett and Bartlett, 2011). The negative actions can lead to a downfall in confidence. In some situations, bullying is not always negative action; however, it also helps the individuals in making interactions at the workplace. A healthy talk can increase interaction between the individuals in the medical center and also assist them in understanding the work environment. The negative situation can be addressed through awareness as it is not permanent in nature. So, it is important to clearly state about emotional, mental or other types of physical actions which can harm other individual. In the survey, most of the participants have failed to identify bullying because they do not understand the negative actions. In the definition, it is also stated that bullying is a situation in which one can feel helpless to defend him or herself (Branch, Ramsay and Barker, 2013). However, if someone is defending himself from any type of negative situation then that situation is not termed as bullying. In some case of bullying, victims easily defend themselves. So by definition, it should also include all such activities whether physical or mental in which an individual gets hurt. In most of the medical workplaces, such activities are carried by an individual in form of humiliation. So, the organization must be aware of s uch type of practices at the workplace and make provisions to prevent such activities. Bullying does not refer to one-time actions or actions without any malicious intent. It means any type of action is taken only one time at the workplace so it is not considered as bullying. It cannot be consdered as a measured of bullying. At workplace, many times individual faces a lot of humiliation and threats which their confidence breaks at one time. So, bullying should be based on all type of the action such as physical, mental or emotional which lead harm to an individual (Hoel, Glas, Hetland, Cooper and Einarsen, 2010). In some research it is highlighted one-time bullying is also harmful to individuals at the workplace. This could be reason why most of the candidate do not identify bullying at workplace (Chipps, Stelmaschuk, Albert, Bernhard and Holloman, 2013). Critical Discussion of the Sampling Process For collecting the data, a total sample size of 167 employees from both hospitals is taken. For conducting the survey, written permission is also taken from the medical center. The questions were developed in the presence of medical employees so all the required information can be collected (Simons, Stark and DeMarco, 2011). All participates are well aware of this process and also research provides them with the definition of bullying. Form the hospital A, there were 73 employees who took part and from hospital B 94 employees participated in the survey. The limitation of collecting data was that only a few employees took participation in the survey. Only 29% employees responded towards the bullying act and other employees were ignored from the survey (Chipps, Stelmaschuk, Albert, Bernhard and Holloman, 2013). Critical Discussion of Data Collection For collecting the data the cross-sectional survey was selected. The researcher conducted research in two different medical centers. The collection of data is based on primary research. There was a questionnaire develop which consist 22 negative act questions. The frequency of experiencing these negative acts was rated as never, occasionally, monthly, weekly, or daily. Since, this research is also adding some more questions regarding to the definition of the previous bullying at workplace. The scores are ranging from .81 to.92 the survey questions is also considered the demographic distribution such as gender, age, and ethnicity (Simons, Stark and DeMarco, 2011). The 23 additional questions are consisting of eight items based on demographic information which are filled by using checkbook format. Other eights questions are related to the experience of bullying at the workplace and last seven questions are assessed in the impact of bullying on patients safety. In addition, most of the questions which were developed by researcher were based on bullying in which no accurate definition of negative actions was given. The disadvantage of using such type of the method is that it does not provide the cause and effect relationship. The data which are collected by researcher does not show how demographic variables create an impact on the bullying and impact on nurses. In the entire data collection process, no such expenses occurred in the process. Critical discussion on data analysis For making the analysis, SPSS software had been used. In addition, descriptive statistics for each demographics measure separately. In the continuous variables, researcher use mean and standard deviation. In the analysis of data, researcher also used the logistics regression which varies from 0 to 1 (Chipps, Stelmaschuk, Albert, Bernhard and Holloman, 2013). There were total 582 Resident Nurses invited in which 167 participated in surveys. In the hospital A, 40 potential participants were there whereas B had a response rate of 23.5%. In the study sample, 44.7% of participants were RNs, 53.4% were surgical technologists, and 1.9% was other unlicensed. In the sample, the white people were 73.6, black 20.1% and 6.3% people are other. In the end results, it is identified that 59% of total participants witnessed the act of bullying. Regarding the frequency of bullying, periods such as monthly, weekly, yearly and other cases, the answer of most of the candidates was that they are bullied on the monthly period. In the negative act questions, 27.9% participates ignored and chose not to answer. This is an emphasis that for the workplace it is essential to promote safety and develop cultural communication between the team members so they can speak about their own opinion. The paper also suggested that younger staff have zero tolerance of bullying so in the hospitals most of such cases were faced by the senior staff on monthly basis. Before this study, there was no research conducted regarding bullying in health care. On the basis of ethnicity, white staff has to face the highest level of bullying at the workplace (Hoel, Glas, Hetland, Cooper and Einarsen, 2010). Among physicians, black and Asian physicians had to face t he acts of bullying. The sample size for making an analysis of bullying in ethnicity was small. Therefore, it can be critiqued that for making an analysis of data the sample size was too small. There were only two hospitals which were taken and few employees took participation in the survey. For making analysis of data, no specific time had taken. All the analysis was based on the survey and there were also lack of proper literature. Strengths and Weakness of Research Methods There are different types of research method and approach selected for conducting the present research. In data collection, all participants were well-informed before the survey. The questionnaire which was developed by the researcher is also developed by the medical employees so the researcher can get in detail information regarding the bullying. For the data collection, the sample size was too small and only those employees were taken who faced bullying. Collecting data from such method can create problem for researcher because it did not provide detailed information regarding behavior of bullying at workplace (McGaghie, Issenberg, Petrusa and Scalese, 2010). The OR is a highly stressful environment in which team members work in very close proximity. The main disadvantage of present research method is that participant personnel do not self-identify as being bullied but witnessed others being bullied in the workplace. In the collection of data, there are some other factors such as c ulture, senior, leadership and impact on management training which should also be considered and such ways are identified the ways which can create impact on bullying. In the analysis section, the researcher used the SPSS software. However, most of the candidates who participated in the survey were not sure about their own opinion. The convenient sample helps the research to collect data without any problems. However, this method does not provide bias results. This method does not have the power to identify the difference of population subgroups. In addition, there were only 22 questions asked from employees and several of them were not related to bullying (Duncan and Keller, 2011). Some of them are general and other belongs to the demographic variables of bullying. So, the validity and reliability of the above research method are also limited. At the last, it can be considered that the best method to address the issue of bullying is to provide training in medical center. The hospitals need to allocate resources carefully to team training programs. The managers and staff members must be accountable for setting expectations and provide training towards the elimination of bullying at workplace. The top management need to provide a clear message to all employees and staff members towards bullying and risks which are associated with such act. References Atik, G. (2011). Assessment of school bullying in Turkey: a critical review of self-report instruments. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 15, 3232-3238. Bartlett, J. E., Bartlett, M. E. (2011). Workplace bullying: An integrative literature review. Advances in Developing Human Resources, 13(1), 69-84. Branch, S., Ramsay, S., Barker, M. (2013). Workplace bullying, mobbing and general harassment: A review. International Journal of Management Reviews, 15(3), 280-299. Chipps, E., Stelmaschuk, S., Albert, N. M., Bernhard, L., Holloman, C. (2013). Workplace bullying in the OR: Results of a descriptive study. AORN journal, 98(5), 479-493 Hoel, H., Glas, L., Hetland, J., Cooper, C. L., Einarsen, S. (2010). Leadership styles as predictors of self?reported and observed workplace bullying. British Journal of Management, 21(2), 453-468. Hutchinson, M., Wilkes, L., Jackson, D., Vickers, M. H. (2010). Integrating individual, work group and organizational factors: Testing a multidimensional model of bullying in the nursing workplace. Journal of Nursing management, 18(2), 173-181. Kowalski, R. M., Giumetti, G. W., Schroeder, A. N., Lattanner, M. R. (2014). Bullying in the digital age: A critical review and meta-analysis of cyberbullying research among youth. McGaghie, W. C., Issenberg, S. B., Petrusa, E. R., Scalese, R. J. (2010). A critical review of simulation?based medical education research: 20032009. Medical education, 44(1), 50-63. Polanin, J. R., Espelage, D. L., Pigott, T. D. (2012). A meta-analysis of school-based bullying prevention programs' effects on bystander intervention behavior. School Psychology Review, 41(1), 47. Samnani, A. K. (2013). Embracing new directions in workplace bullying research: A paradigmatic approach. Journal of Management Inquiry, 22(1), 26-36. Simons, S. R., Stark, R. B., DeMarco, R. F. (2011). A new, four?item instrument to measure workplace bullying. Research in nursing health, 34(2), 132-140. Thornberg, R. (2011). Shes weird!The social construction of bullying in school: A review of qualitative research. Children society, 25(4), 258-267.

Universe And Solar System Essays - Physical Cosmology, Physics

Universe And Solar System The two most common beliefs of the formation of the Universe and Solar System are The Expanding Universe Theory and The Big Bang. There are some comparisons between the two and some contrasts. Almost all astronomers believe that the universe is expanding although they may have different theories on how this is happening. The Expanding Universe Theory is based on the Doppler Effect, the redshift of different galaxies and the assumption of the Hubble Law. The Doppler effect occurs when a wave-emmitting object moves toward or away from an observer and the sound has a change in pitch as the object continues to move. For example the sound a police car siren when it comes from behind and passes you. The redshift of different galaxies is the change or shift in the light radiated by an object such as a star of galaxy that indicates the objects motion. Scientists have used redshifts to measure the speed and direction of distant galaxies. The Hubble law showed that the further away the galaxies were the higher the redshift was, that means the more distant galaxies were moving away at a much faster velocity than those closer to us. The Expanding Universe theory is merely an assumption by astronomers that all the galaxies in the universe are moving away from the earth. The more distant the galaxy the faster it's moving away from us. According to the Big Bang theory a gigantic explosion created the universe billions of years ago. It appeared that the universe we now see could be the remnants of an enormous explosion of the distant past.

Free Essays on Chaucer

At present, sex is the mind’s preoccupation, and in the body we can only mentally fornicate. To-day, we’ve got no sex. We have only cerebral excitations. The mind will have to glut itself, and the ego will have to burst like the swollen frog, and then perhaps we shall know true sex, in ourselves. D.H. Lawrence from â€Å"Leave Sex Alone† Sex, Silence and other Pornographic Indiscretions When twentieth century writer D.H. Lawrence began publishing poetry about the beauty and love that he found within sex, he became one of the most despised and censored authors of his time. With his notion that â€Å"sex isn’t sin† he claimed that sex is a creative passion until the human mind deforms and dilutes it. Despite the prevalence of sex in literature, its appearance in all genres has been met with misunderstanding, condemnation and even blatant oblivion or ignorance of its significance. While poets like Lawrence have been blatant and undisguised in their socially contrasting ideas regarding sex, other poets have offered more subtle subversions on this topic. Geoffrey Chaucer, for example, incorporated a variety of sexual acts within his works The Canterbury Tales and Troilus and Criseyde. His medieval audience would have generally qualified sex in either one of two basic understandings- either as an element of romance or marriage that represented love and devotion or, as expostulated by St. Augustine and St. Jerome, as a sinful blemish that continually distorted the spirituality and faith in God of man. And, while Chaucer’s characters include prudish clergy as well as bawdy adulterers, his works support neither of these assertions. Evident in Chaucer’s fabliau’s, lays and even literary confessions is the suggestion that its very base, sex is neither an expression of love or sin, but rather a human preoccupation that completely lacks meaning and overall purpose. His characters discredit the significance of... Free Essays on Chaucer Free Essays on Chaucer At present, sex is the mind’s preoccupation, and in the body we can only mentally fornicate. To-day, we’ve got no sex. We have only cerebral excitations. The mind will have to glut itself, and the ego will have to burst like the swollen frog, and then perhaps we shall know true sex, in ourselves. D.H. Lawrence from â€Å"Leave Sex Alone† Sex, Silence and other Pornographic Indiscretions When twentieth century writer D.H. Lawrence began publishing poetry about the beauty and love that he found within sex, he became one of the most despised and censored authors of his time. With his notion that â€Å"sex isn’t sin† he claimed that sex is a creative passion until the human mind deforms and dilutes it. Despite the prevalence of sex in literature, its appearance in all genres has been met with misunderstanding, condemnation and even blatant oblivion or ignorance of its significance. While poets like Lawrence have been blatant and undisguised in their socially contrasting ideas regarding sex, other poets have offered more subtle subversions on this topic. Geoffrey Chaucer, for example, incorporated a variety of sexual acts within his works The Canterbury Tales and Troilus and Criseyde. His medieval audience would have generally qualified sex in either one of two basic understandings- either as an element of romance or marriage that represented love and devotion or, as expostulated by St. Augustine and St. Jerome, as a sinful blemish that continually distorted the spirituality and faith in God of man. And, while Chaucer’s characters include prudish clergy as well as bawdy adulterers, his works support neither of these assertions. Evident in Chaucer’s fabliau’s, lays and even literary confessions is the suggestion that its very base, sex is neither an expression of love or sin, but rather a human preoccupation that completely lacks meaning and overall purpose. His characters discredit the significance of...

Analyzing the differing conceptions of separation of power held by Essay

Analyzing the differing conceptions of separation of power held by Publius and Anti-Federalists - Essay Example THE NECESSITY OF SEPARATION OF POWERS The idea of the necessity of limitation of powers within the framework of written Constitution was a basic premise shared by Federalists and Anti-Federalists alike. For instance, Cato argues that â€Å"a general presumption that rulers will govern well is not a sufficient security† (â€Å"Cato†), while Federalist James Madison observes that â€Å"the separate... exercise of the different powers of government... is admitted on all hands to be essential to the preservation of liberty† (â€Å"The Federalist No. 51†). At the same time, there existed views sceptical of universality of separation of powers. Centinel, an Anti-Federalist, considered the scheme of separation of state power into rival branches insufficient for the establishment of a truly democratic government (â€Å"Centinel†). In a sense, both Anti-Federalists and Federalists accepted the necessity of limitation of powers and of delineating the function s of different governmental bodies. Nevertheless, while Federalists ascribed higher qualities to the principle of separation of powers (â€Å"The Federalist No. 47†), the Anti-Federalists viewed it just as one of many, and not the most important, safeguards against the abuse of power. THE SEPARATION OF POWERS AND THE CONSTITUTION According to the Federalists, the separation of powers was to be maintained through the relevant organization of the internal structure of the government. The Federalist authors were convinced that by enabling independent agency to each â€Å"department† of government while simultaneously restricting their ability to interfere in proceedings of the other branches, the institution of truly republican government was perfectly feasible (â€Å"The Federalist No. 51†). Accordingly, the Federalists objected to the idea of recurrence to the people in the event of conflicts between the branches, cautioning against the strengthening of the legis lative power at the expense of the others (â€Å"The Federalist No. 49†). They found the independence of the judiciary especially important, warning against the possible encroachments by the legislature on the aforesaid independence (â€Å"The Federalist No. 78†). Anti-Federalists viewed the model of separation of powers established in the Constitution as abstract, pointing at excessive powers of the Executive and at the mixture of the executive and legislative branches of power found in the Senate (â€Å"Cato†). Both Cato and Centinel regarded the Senate as an aristocratic institution; whereas Cato proposed to institute direct election of the Senators and to establish annual rotation of its members (â€Å"Cato’), Centinel advocated the abolition of the Senate and the House of Representatives in favour of creating unitary federal legislature (â€Å"Centinel†). In short, the Federalists feared the possibility of â€Å"tyranny of majority† ex pressed through the legislative branch and maintained the necessity of curbing the excesses of popular majority (â€Å"The Federalist No. 10†, â€Å"The Federalist No. 49†). The Anti-Federalists, on the other hand, thought that strong Presidency and non-elected Senate undermined the proper distribution of powers and advocated their reform (â€Å"Cato†) or abolition (â€Å"Centinel†). ALTERNATIVE MECHANISMS TO ASSURE THE APPROPRIATE CONDUCT OF PUBLIC OFFICIALS Both Federalists and Anti-Federalists believed in the necessity of

Financial and managerial accounting Research Paper

Financial and managerial accounting - Research Paper Example The budget would help Groovy Music to estimate their regular demand which in turn, would be helpful in deciding the product mix. Also, by preparing Activity Based budget, Groovy Music may be able to allocate their costs better and hence, get a clear picture about which order costs more. Essay 2 - The Woods and Waters Company Service Division: Particular Amount ($) Revenue (8000 x $50) 400,000 Less: Total Operating Costs (given) 280,000 (a) Net Profit 120,000 (b) Total Operating Assets (given) 400,000 Return on Investment (a/b x 100) 30 % Irrigation Division: Particular Amount ($) Revenue (250 x $5000) 1,250,000 Less: Total Operating Costs (given) 1,000,000 (a) Net Profit 250,000 (b) Total Operating Assets (given) 1,000,000 Return on Investment (a/b x 100) 25 % Company as a whole: Particular Amount ($) Revenue (400,000 + 1,250,000) 1,650,000 Less: Total Operating Costs (given) 1,280,000 (a) Net Profit 370,000 (b) Total Operating Assets (given) 1,400,000 Return on Investment (a/b x 100) 26 % Considering just the ROI, it can be concluded that the Service Division has performed